I am an economic historian at the University of Oxford, where I am an Associate Professor of Economic History, a Fellow of All Souls College, and an Associate Member of the Department of Economics. 

I study how economies adjust to structural transformation and economic crises, particularly when technological change, industrial decline, and recessions collide. I explore how the difficulty of moving workers between industries can turn these shocks into persistent unemployment and slow recoveries, why the burden of this unemployment can fall so unevenly across regions, industries, and workers, and how policy can mitigate these effects. Much of my work focuses on Britain in the interwar years (1920s/1930s) and the 1980s, when major economic downturns coincided with deep structural transformations. My research relies on archival data, econometrics, and machine learning at the intersection of economic history and labor economics.